Downzoning
Definition
Downzoning is a zoning change that reduces how much can be built on a property, for example switching land from multifamily to single-family only, or lowering allowed height and density.1 It is the reverse of upzoning.
Why it matters
Downzoning is often pushed by existing homeowners to lock in low density, which can raise the value of already-built homes while blocking new housing supply. That makes it a common flashpoint between residents preserving neighborhood character and those pointing to regional housing shortages.
Seen in the wild
An NYU Furman Center analysis of New York City's 76 rezonings between 2003 and 2007 found that 86 percent of rezoned lots, including areas in Queens and Staten Island, were downzoned or limited to preserve lower density, even as a smaller share of upzoned lots elsewhere added most of the net new development capacity citywide.2