Write-in
Definition
A write-in is a vote cast for a candidate not printed on the ballot, where the voter physically writes in the name. Most states allow it, though many require write-in candidates to pre-file paperwork for their votes to be counted.
Why it matters
Write-in campaigns are one of the few remaining paths around ballot access barriers and party gatekeeping, letting a candidate compete even after losing a primary or missing a filing deadline. They rarely succeed against printed candidates because voters must know the exact name and spelling, which favors incumbents with high recognition.
Seen in the wild
Senator Lisa Murkowski won re-election to the U.S. Senate in Alaska in November 2010 as a write-in candidate after losing the Republican primary,1 becoming only the second Senate candidate since 1913 to win that way.2